VSEPR theory

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory explains the shape of molecules based on the idea that around a central atom, electron pairs (bonding and non-bonding) repel each other. These electron pairs stay as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, determining the molecule’s three-dimensional structure. The arrangement of atoms is then shaped by these electron pairs, affecting the molecule's geometry. VSEPR helps predict molecular shapes, which influence properties like reactivity, polarity, and physical state. It’s a useful model for understanding how molecules are built based on electron interactions.