voltage-gated ion channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are specialized proteins embedded in cell membranes that open or close in response to changes in electrical charge across the membrane. When a nerve or muscle cell becomes electrically excited, the change in voltage triggers these channels to open, allowing specific ions like sodium or calcium to flow into the cell. This ion movement rapidly alters the cell’s electrical state, propagating signals like nerve impulses or muscle contractions. Once the voltage stabilizes, the channels close. These channels are essential for the rapid and precise transmission of electrical signals in the body.