volcanic rock

Volcanic rock is formed when magma from beneath the Earth's surface erupts through a volcano and cools rapidly upon exposure to air or water. This quick cooling causes the magma to solidify into solid rock. These rocks often have a craggy or glassy appearance, with many small holes or vesicles from trapped gases. Common types include basalt and rhyolite. Volcanic rocks are important for understanding volcanic activity, Earth's geology, and sometimes contain minerals or materials valuable for mining. Their unique textures and compositions record the conditions during a volcanic eruption.