VNA (Vector Network Analyzer)

A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is a device used to measure how electronic components or systems respond at radio and microwave frequencies. It sends a signal through the device or antenna under test, then analyzes the reflected and transmitted signals to determine parameters like impedance, return loss, and signal phase. This information helps engineers assess performance, identify issues, and optimize designs for wireless communication, radar, and other high-frequency applications. Essentially, a VNA provides a detailed "map" of how signals behave, aiding in precise tuning and troubleshooting of RF components.