vertebrate vision

Vertebrate vision involves capturing light through the eyes' cornea and lens, which focus it onto the retina at the back of the eye. The retina contains specialized cells called photoreceptors—rods for low light and cones for color and detail. These cells convert light into electrical signals sent via the optic nerve to the brain, specifically the visual cortex. The brain processes these signals to create the images we see, allowing us to interpret color, detail, depth, and motion. This complex system enables vertebrates to perceive and respond to their environment effectively.