Venera program

The Venera program was a Soviet series of space missions from the 1960s to the 1980s aimed at exploring Venus. It involved sending spacecraft to study the planet’s atmosphere, surface, and climate. Some missions successfully transmitted images and data back to Earth, revealing features like volcanic plains and thick clouds. The program helped scientists understand Venus’s extreme conditions—high temperatures and pressure—providing crucial insights into planetary science and the challenges of exploring harsh environments. Venera was a pioneering effort in planetary exploration, marking humanity’s first close-up study of another planet.