Variogram

A variogram is a tool used in spatial analysis to measure how much a certain variable, like temperature or soil type, changes between different locations. It shows how similar or different data points are based on how far apart they are. Generally, points closer together tend to be more similar, while those farther apart are more different. The variogram helps us understand the spatial structure of data, which is essential for making predictions about unknown areas based on known measurements. It is a fundamental component in geostatistics, aiding in tasks like mapping and resource estimation.