Variant Calling

Variant calling is a process used in genetics to identify differences in DNA sequences compared to a reference genome. When scientists analyze DNA samples, they look for variations—such as mutations or changes—that can affect health, traits, or disease risks. By comparing the sample's DNA to a standard reference, variant calling tools pinpoint these differences, helping researchers understand genetic diversity, diagnose conditions, or develop personalized treatments. Essentially, it’s like comparing two texts to spot spelling or wording changes, but in the language of DNA.