variance components analysis

Variance components analysis is a statistical method used to determine how much different sources contribute to the overall variation observed in data. For example, if you're studying student test scores, this analysis can identify how much of the variation is due to differences between students, teachers, or schools. By breaking down the total variation into parts associated with each factor, researchers can better understand what influences outcomes and where to focus improvements. It helps in efficiently allocating resources and designing effective interventions by clarifying the relative importance of each source of variability.