Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory explains the shapes of molecules based on how electrons in the outermost (valence) shell repel each other. Electrons tend to stay as far apart as possible because like charges repel. These electrons may be shared between atoms (bonding pairs) or exist as lone pairs. The arrangement of these electron pairs determines the molecule’s shape, as the pairs position themselves to minimize repulsion. By understanding this, we can predict the three-dimensional structure of molecules, which influences their properties and how they interact with other substances.