vacuum fluctuation

Vacuum fluctuation refers to the temporary and spontaneous emergence of particle-antiparticle pairs in empty space, known as the vacuum. According to quantum physics, even "empty" space is not completely empty but teems with fleeting energy that creates these pairs. They appear suddenly, exist for an incredibly short time, and then annihilate each other, returning their energy to the vacuum. This process is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics and has observable effects, such as tiny influences on particles and fields, highlighting that the vacuum is dynamic, rather than truly empty.