Ummayads

The Umayyads were a powerful dynasty that ruled the Islamic empire from 661 to 750 CE, establishing the first hereditary caliphate after the death of Prophet Muhammad. They expanded the empire significantly, covering parts of Spain, North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. The Umayyad leadership centralized political and economic control, and their rule is known for promoting Arabic language and culture. Their reign ended when they were overthrown by the Abbasids, who sought to bring more equality and religious legitimacy to the empire. Despite their fall, the Umayyad legacy influenced Islamic history and culture deeply.