Umar ibn al-Khattab (Caliph)

Umar ibn al-Khattab (584-644 CE) was the second caliph of the Islamic community after the death of Abu Bakr. Known for his strong leadership and administrative skills, he significantly expanded the Islamic empire, conquering vast territories including Persia and parts of the Byzantine Empire. Under his rule, he established important legal and social reforms, including the creation of a judicial system and the establishment of welfare programs for the poor. Umar was also notable for his emphasis on justice, accountability, and the welfare of citizens, making him a respected figure in Islamic history.