ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS)

Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS) is a technique used to study the electronic structure of materials at the atomic level. It involves shining ultraviolet light onto a sample, which causes electrons to be emitted from its surface. By measuring the energy and number of these emitted electrons, scientists can gain insights into the types of electrons present in the material and how they are arranged. This information helps in understanding the material's properties, such as its conductivity and reactivity, making UPS a valuable tool in chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology.