two-dimensional electron gas

A two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a thin layer of electrons confined to move in just two dimensions, typically created at the interface between two different materials, such as semiconductors. This confinement means electrons can move freely along the plane but are restricted in the perpendicular direction. The 2DEG exhibits unique electrical properties, like high mobility and quantum effects, making it important for advanced electronic and quantum devices. Its behavior arises from quantum mechanics, and it helps scientists explore phenomena like superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect within a controlled, two-dimensional system.