Turkish War of Independence (Kurtuluş Savaşı)

The Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923) was a national movement led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, aiming to resist partitioning and occupation of Turkey following World War I. After the Ottoman Empire's defeat, Allied powers sought to divide Turkish lands, but Turkish nationalists fought back through military resistance and diplomatic efforts. The conflict culminated in the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, which recognized Turkey's sovereignty. This war established the modern Republic of Turkey, ending centuries of Ottoman rule and laying the foundation for national independence, sovereignty, and reform.