Turkish Independence Movement

The Turkish Independence Movement was a national effort in the early 20th century to establish a sovereign Turkish state, responding to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. Led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, it involved resisting occupying Allied forces and rejecting the Treaty of Sèvres, which sought to partition Ottoman lands. Through military campaigns and diplomatic initiatives, Turks fought to unify their territory, culminating in the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. This movement emphasized sovereignty, national identity, and modernization, shaping the modern Turkish state.