tunnel boring machine

A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a large, specialized heavy-duty machine used to excavate tunnels through soil and rock. It works like a giant rotary drill, cutting through the ground with a rotating head equipped with cutting tools. As it advances, the TBM simultaneously supports the tunnel walls with built-in lining systems, preventing collapses. This technology allows for efficient, precise tunnel construction beneath cities, mountains, or water bodies, minimizing surface disruption. TBMs are essential for building underground transportation routes, subways, sewage systems, and utility tunnels, combining excavation and structural support in a single, integrated process.