Tundra regions

Tundra regions are cold, treeless areas found near the Arctic and at high mountain elevations. They experience long, harsh winters with temperatures often below freezing and short, cool summers. The ground is permanently frozen or thawing only briefly, known as permafrost. Despite the extreme climate, tundras support specialized plants like mosses, lichens, and low shrubs, along with animals such as Arctic foxes, reindeer, and migratory birds. These regions are vital for their unique ecosystems and climate regulation but are sensitive to climate change impacts.