Tundra Biome

The tundra biome is a cold, treeless region found near the Arctic and high mountain areas. It experiences harsh winters with temperatures often below freezing and very short, cool summers. The soil is mostly frozen year-round, called permafrost, which limits plant growth. Despite this, it supports specialized plants like mosses, lichens, and small shrubs, and animals such as Arctic foxes, reindeer, polar bears, and migratory birds. The tundra's extreme conditions make it a fragile ecosystem, sensitive to climate change and human activity. Its unique environment plays a vital role in Earth's global climate regulation.