Treatise on Crimes and Punishments

"Treatise on Crimes and Punishments," written by Cesare Beccaria in 1764, is a foundational work in criminal justice. It argues that laws should be clear and fair, and punishments should fit the crime to prevent future offenses. Beccaria emphasizes that punishment should deter crime, not be brutal or excessive, and supports rights such as a fair trial. His ideas promote rational, humane treatment of offenders and influence modern justice systems by advocating for clear laws, proportionate punishments, and the abolition of torture and secret trials.