TP53 (Tumor protein p53)

TP53, commonly known as p53, is a gene that produces a protein functioning as a critical tumor suppressor. It helps protect cells from becoming cancerous by detecting DNA damage, regulating cell growth, and initiating repair or cell death if the damage is irreparable. In this way, p53 maintains normal cell function and prevents the development of tumors. Mutations or changes in the TP53 gene can impair this protective role, increasing the risk of cancer. Because of its importance in controlling cell growth, p53 is often called the "guardian of the genome."