Thomson effect

The Thomson effect describes how applying an electric current through a material with a temperature gradient causes heat to be absorbed or released within that material. When electric charges move through a wire that has varying temperatures along its length, they either gain or lose energy, leading to heating or cooling effects internally. This phenomenon is important in thermoelectric devices, which convert heat differences into electricity or vice versa. Essentially, the Thomson effect highlights how electrical energy and thermal energy interact within conductive materials under temperature variations.