Thermal desalination

Thermal desalination is a process that removes salt and impurities from seawater or brackish water by heating it until it evaporates. The vapor is then condensed back into fresh water, leaving the salt behind. This method relies on heat, often from fossil fuels, nuclear power, or solar energy, to evaporate the water. It’s commonly used in areas with abundant energy but limited freshwater sources, producing clean water suitable for drinking, agriculture, or industrial use. Thermal desalination includes processes like Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) and Multi-Effect Distillation (MED), both effective at large-scale water production.