Theory of the Middle Range

The Theory of the Middle Range, developed by sociologist Robert Merton, suggests that social theories should focus on specific, practical aspects of society rather than broad, abstract claims. These middle-range theories bridge the gap between broad ideological frameworks and detailed, case-specific studies. They aim to explain particular social phenomena—like crime rates or education outcomes—by identifying patterns and relationships that are testable and useful for understanding and addressing real-world issues. This approach makes social science more applicable and grounded, helping researchers and policymakers develop targeted solutions based on evidence.