Theory of Differential Association

The Theory of Differential Association, developed by sociologist Edwin Sutherland, suggests that individuals learn criminal behavior through their interactions and relationships with others. Essentially, people pick up attitudes, motives, and techniques for crime by associating with close friends, family, or social groups who endorse such behaviors. If someone is surrounded mostly by influences that justify or encourage criminal actions, they are more likely to adopt similar behaviors. Conversely, positive relationships with law-abiding individuals can promote lawful conduct. The theory emphasizes that criminal behavior is learned through communication and social interactions, not simply inherited or driven by individual biology.