The Social Darwinism movement

Social Darwinism is a theory from the late 19th and early 20th centuries that applied the idea of biological evolution—specifically the concept of "survival of the fittest"—to society. It suggested that individuals, groups, and nations naturally compete, and that success or failure reflects their inherent qualities. Proponents believed this competition led to progress, while critics argued it justified inequality, racism, and unethical policies. Though influenced by Charles Darwin’s biological work, Social Darwinism misinterpreted and misapplied his ideas, often ignoring the social and moral factors involved in human development.