The Russian Campaign

The Russian Campaign refers to the military efforts undertaken during Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812. Napoleon aimed to quickly defeat the Russian Empire and expand his empire, but the campaign faced harsh winter, vast distances, and scorched-earth tactics by Russians, which destroyed supplies and hampered the French army. As conditions worsened, many soldiers died from cold, starvation, and disease. The Russian army avoided major battles, retreating and drawing Napoleon’s forces deeper into Russia. Ultimately, the campaign ended in a disastrous retreat for Napoleon, weakening his army significantly and contributing to his eventual downfall.