The Ptolemaic Period

The Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BCE) refers to a time in ancient Egypt when the Ptolemaic dynasty ruled after Alexander the Great's conquest. Founded by Ptolemy I, one of Alexander's generals, this era blended Greek and Egyptian cultures, leading to advancements in art, science, and philosophy. Alexandria, the capital, became a center of learning with its famous library. The Ptolemies, including Cleopatra VII, maintained power through alliances and conflicts with Rome. The period ended when Cleopatra lost to Roman forces, marking the final chapter of ancient Egyptian rule and the beginning of Roman Egypt.