The Ptolemaic dynasty in historical context

The Ptolemaic dynasty was a Greek family that ruled Egypt from 305 BCE to 30 BCE, after Alexander the Great's empire fragmented. Established by Ptolemy I, a general of Alexander, it blended Greek and Egyptian cultures. The Ptolemies maintained Egypt’s wealth and promoted Hellenistic art and learning, most famously through the library of Alexandria. Their rule ended when Egypt became a Roman province after Cleopatra VII’s defeat and death in 30 BCE. The dynasty played a crucial role in the cultural and political history of the ancient Mediterranean, representing a fusion of Greek and Egyptian influences.