The Problem of Universals

The Problem of Universals is a philosophical debate about whether abstract concepts (like "redness" or "beauty") exist independently of the specific things that embody them (like a red apple or a beautiful painting). In this context, "universals" refer to these general qualities, while "particulars" are the individual objects. The issue questions whether universals are real entities on their own or merely names we use to describe similarities among particulars. Some philosophers argue that universals have their own existence, while others believe they are just mental constructs that help us categorize and communicate about the world around us.