The Plant Cell

A plant cell is a specialized unit that makes up a plant, functioning like a tiny living factory. It has a cell wall that provides structure and protection, and a cell membrane that controls what enters and exits. Inside, the cytoplasm holds the organelles, including the nucleus (which directs activities), mitochondria (energy producers), and chloroplasts (which capture sunlight to make food through photosynthesis). The large central vacuole stores water and nutrients, helping maintain the cell's shape. Together, these components enable the plant to grow, produce energy, and survive.