The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

*Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica*, authored by Isaac Newton, is a fundamental work in physics and mathematics. Published in 1687, it formulates the laws of motion and universal gravitation, explaining how objects move on Earth and in space. Newton demonstrates that gravity governs planetary motion and objects falling, unifying celestial and terrestrial physics. His mathematical approach uses calculus (then nascent) to quantify these principles. The Principia laid the groundwork for classical mechanics, deeply influencing science by providing a comprehensive framework to understand the natural world based on empirical observation and mathematical reasoning.