The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution

The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution suggests that most genetic changes in populations are neither helpful nor harmful; they are "neutral." These changes happen by chance rather than because they improve an organism's survival. Over time, these random mutations can become common or rare in a population simply through luck. This theory helps scientists understand that much of the genetic variation we see is the result of random processes, not necessarily because those genetic traits are more advantageous. It emphasizes the role of chance in the evolution of molecules like DNA and proteins.