The Knapsack Problem

The Knapsack Problem is a classic optimization challenge in which you have a "knapsack" with a limited capacity and a selection of items, each with a specific weight and value. The goal is to determine the most valuable combination of items you can fit into the knapsack without exceeding its weight limit. This problem is widely applicable, from budget management to resource allocation, highlighting how to maximize value under constraints. It illustrates the trade-offs involved in decision-making when resources are limited.