The Kalmar Union

The Kalmar Union was a series of personal unions that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under a single monarch from 1397 to 1523. It aimed to strengthen their political and economic ties against outside threats, particularly from the Hanseatic League and other rival powers. The Union's governance was often challenged due to conflicts among the kingdoms and struggles for power. It ultimately dissolved as Sweden sought greater independence, leading to the end of the union in 1523. The Kalmar Union is significant in Scandinavian history, influencing the region’s national identities and political landscape.