The is-ought problem

The is-ought problem, identified by philosopher David Hume, concerns the challenge of deriving moral or ethical "ought" statements from purely descriptive "is" statements about the world. In other words, just because something is a certain way doesn't automatically mean it should be that way. For example, noting that people lie does not logically justify the conclusion that they ought to lie. The problem highlights the gap between facts and values, emphasizing that moral principles require additional normative reasoning beyond factual observations.