The Genetic Code

The genetic code is the system that cells use to translate genetic information into proteins, which perform most functions in living organisms. DNA contains sequences of four letters (A, T, C, G) that form instructions. These instructions are read in groups of three letters called codons, each specifying a particular amino acid—the building blocks of proteins. The cell's machinery, mainly ribosomes, reads the codons and assembles amino acids accordingly, creating proteins essential for life. The genetic code is nearly universal, meaning most organisms use the same system, ensuring consistency across biology.