The First Coalition

The First Coalition (1793–1797) was an alliance formed by several European countries—mainly Austria, Prussia, Spain, and Britain—who united to oppose revolutionary France. They aimed to contain the spread of revolutionary ideas and restore the French monarchy. The coalition fought France in a series of military campaigns but struggled to contain the revolution's momentum. Ultimately, France's military resilience and political changes led to the coalition's collapse, allowing France to continue its revolutionary reforms. The First Coalition signaled the beginning of France's long series of wars with European powers during the revolutionary period.