The European Bourgeoisie

The European bourgeoisie refers to the middle and upper classes of modern Europe, particularly emerging during the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance period, who owned property, businesses, and wealth rather than relying solely on landownership or manual labor. They played a key role in developing commerce, industry, and urban culture, often challenging traditional aristocratic dominance. Historically, the bourgeoisie contributed to social, economic, and political transformations that laid the groundwork for capitalism, democracy, and modern societal structures across Europe. Their influence grew as cities expanded and trade increased, shaping Europe's economic and social landscape for centuries.