The Counter-Reformation

The Counter-Reformation was the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. It aimed to address internal issues, reaffirm Catholic beliefs, and curb the spread of Protestantism. The Church clarified doctrines, initiated reforms, and used new religious orders like the Jesuits to improve clergy education and practice. It also held the Council of Trent (1545-1563), which reasserted Catholic teachings. This movement strengthened Catholic unity and discipline while countering the challenges to its authority, ultimately leading to significant religious, political, and cultural changes across Europe.