The Carolingian Dynasty

The Carolingian Dynasty was a powerful family that ruled much of Western Europe during the early Middle Ages, primarily from the 8th to the 10th centuries. It began with Charles Martel, who defended Europe against Muslim invasions, and reached its height under his grandson, Charlemagne, who expanded the empire and was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800 AD. This dynasty played a crucial role in the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival of art, culture, and learning. After Charlemagne's death, the empire fragmented, leading to the rise of feudalism and the eventual formation of modern European states.