The Book of Roads and Kingdoms (Kitab al-Masalik wa al-Mamalik)

The Book of Roads and Kingdoms (Kitab al-Masalik wa al-Mamalik) is an 11th-century geographic and political guide by Persian scholar Ibn Khordadbeh. It maps the known world, detailing regions, trade routes, and administrative divisions of the Muslim and neighboring lands. The work offers insights into trade, travel, and governance, reflecting the interconnectedness of medieval Eurasia. Its purpose was to inform and assist travelers, rulers, and merchants by providing a comprehensive understanding of different lands, cultures, and economic networks present during that era.