The Blind Watchmaker

The Blind Watchmaker is a metaphor introduced by Richard Dawkins to illustrate how natural selection, without any foresight or purpose, can produce complex biological structures. Just as a watchmaker intentionally designs a watch, a conscious entity, traditional evolution is driven by intentional design. In contrast, natural selection is "blind" because it relies on random genetic mutations and the survival advantage they confer, gradually shaping organisms over many generations without any guiding plan. This concept shows how complexity in life can arise naturally, without the need for an intelligent designer.