The Battle of Panium

The Battle of Panium, fought in 198 BC, was a key conflict between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. It took place near the Panium River, in what is now modern-day Israel. The Seleucid king Antiochus III aimed to expand his territory into Phoenicia and Palestine, areas controlled by Egypt. The Ptolemaic forces tried to defend these regions but were decisively defeated by Antiochus's army, leading to Seleucid dominance over the region. The battle marked a turning point that significantly shifted control of southeastern Mediterranean territories from Egypt to the Seleucid Empire.