teratogenesis

Teratogenesis is the process by which external factors, such as drugs, chemicals, infections, or radiation, cause developmental abnormalities in a developing fetus during pregnancy. These harmful agents can interfere with normal fetal growth, leading to physical deformities, functional impairments, or birth defects. The risk and severity depend on the timing, type, and amount of exposure. Understanding teratogenesis helps guide pregnant individuals and healthcare providers in avoiding substances or conditions that could harm fetal development, aiming to promote healthy pregnancies and outcomes.