TE materials

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are substances that can convert heat directly into electricity and vice versa. When one side of a TE material is heated, it creates a voltage that can generate electrical power. Conversely, applying electricity can produce cooling or heating in the material. They are used in power generation from waste heat and in cooling systems. The efficiency of TE materials depends on their ability to maintain a temperature difference while conducting electricity well and blocking heat transfer, which involves balancing properties like electrical conductivity and thermal insulation.