
Taifas
Taifas were independent Muslim-ruled city-states or principalities in the Iberian Peninsula during the 11th to 13th centuries, following the collapse of the Caliphate of Córdoba. They emerged as fragmented territories, each governed by its own ruler, which often led to internal conflicts. While they shared cultural and religious ties, these Taifas frequently engaged in warfare, alliances, and rivalries, making the region politically fragmented. This period was marked by both cultural flourishing and political instability, ultimately inviting external Christian kingdoms to conquer and unify the territory later in the Reconquista.