T-DNA

T-DNA, or transfer DNA, is a specific segment of DNA from the Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid of the bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This bacterium naturally infects plants, inserting the T-DNA into the plant's genome. Scientists have harnessed this process to introduce desired genes into plants for genetic engineering. When T-DNA integrates into the plant's DNA, it can cause traits like disease resistance or improved yield. In biotechnology, T-DNA is used as a tool to create genetically modified plants, making it essential for plant breeding and research.