Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation

Synthetic nitrogen fixation is a process where industrial methods, like the Haber-Bosch process, convert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N₂) into usable forms such as ammonia (NH₃) for fertilizers. This process involves applying high pressure and temperature with an iron catalyst to break the strong nitrogen bonds, enabling plants to access essential nutrients for growth. It is a vital technology that supports global agriculture by increasing crop productivity, but it also consumes significant energy and can contribute to environmental issues like greenhouse gas emissions.